may often no signs in the early stage of the colon cancer but symptoms may develop as the cancer advances. These may include pain in the rectal and pelvis and abdomen regions, bowel obstruction, change in food and bowel habits, constipation, blood in the urine or stool, diarrhea, gas, anemia, extreme weight loss, loss of appetite, lumps in the abdomen, and fatigue. If one has any of these symptoms of colon cancer, it is advisable to visit a doctor and get proper medical attention.

During a colonoscopy, a colonoscope (lighted, flexible tube) is injected into the rectum, looking at the entire colon for any abnormalities. Biopsies may be acted during a colonoscopy. During a sigmoidoscopy, a sigmoidoscope (lighted, flexible tube) is injected into the rectum and the minor portion of the colon (sigmoid colon) to look for any abnormalities. A double-contrast barium enema is also known as a lower GI series, this test uses the liquid enema contrast barium, to evaluate under X-ray changes in the inferior gastrointestinal tract which includes the colon and the rectum.

Depending on how wide the colectomy is, If the only portion of the colon is detached, it’s called a hemicolectomy, partial colectomy, or segmental resection. The healthy portion of the organ is either reconnected to the rectum or otherwise attached to the wall of the abdomen. In such a case, the procedure is called a colostomy, and one has to use a colostomy bag for defecation.

To remove smaller cancers which are more localized doctors prefer using endoscopy. If the cancer is too advanced or if it is untreatable palliative surgery is performed to relieve any blockages in the colon and stop the pain and bleeding. At last, if the cancer is improved Palliative surgery is performed which assists to ease any blockage of the colon and manage pain, bleeding, and other symptoms. This relieves symptoms in cases of untreatable or advanced cancers. 

• Adult age: Colon cancer can be established at any age, but most people with colon cancer are older than 50. The rates of colon cancer in people younger than 50 have been growing, but doctors aren’t sure why.
• African-American race. African-Americans have a bigger risk of colon cancer than do people of other races.
• An individual history of colorectal cancer or polyps. If someone already had colon cancer or noncancerous colon polyps then they have a larger risk of colon cancer in the time ahead.
• Inflammatory intestinal conditions. Chronic inflammatory diseases of the colon, for example, ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease can boost your risk of colon cancer.